Socioenvironmental factors and behaviors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil. The sample consisted of 5,259 adults from five representative capitals of the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was achieved in the following municipalities: Palmas (North Region), João Pessoa (Northeast Region), Goiânia (Central-West Region), Vitória (Southeast Region) and Florianópolis (South Region). For the analysis of the data, Binary Logistic Regression for determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health was used. Negative self-rated health was identified in 31.43% of Brazilians. The factors that were significantly associated were bad air quality, does not have public spaces for leisure, older age group, insufficient salary to cover expenses, a rare practice of physical exercises, does not perform healthy eating, active commuting for study or employment and commuting time for above 30 minutes, dissatisfaction with health services and still, not working, not looking for a job and finally, reside in some Brazilian regions. The study presents the importance of socioenvironmental and behavioral factors for the self-rated health of Brazilian adults, as well as it shows high rates of negative self-rated health compared to other studies.

Socioenvironmental factors and behaviors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil. The sample consisted of 5,259 adults from five representative capitals of the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was achieved in the following municipalities: Palmas (North Region), João Pessoa (Northeast Region), Goiânia (Central-West Region), Vitória (Southeast Region) and Florianópolis (South Region). For the analysis of the data, Binary Logistic Regression for determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health was used. Negative self-rated health was identified in 31.43% of Brazilians. The factors that were significantly associated were bad air quality, does not have public spaces for leisure, older age group, insufficient salary to cover expenses, a rare practice of physical exercises, does not perform healthy eating, active commuting for study or employment and commuting time for above 30 minutes, dissatisfaction with health services and still, not working, not looking for a job and finally, reside in some Brazilian regions. The study presents the importance of socioenvironmental and behavioral factors for the self-rated health of Brazilian adults, as well as it shows high rates of negative self-rated health compared to other studies.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores associados à percepção negativa de saúde no Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 5.259 adultos de cinco capitais representativas das cinco regiões do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos seguintes municípios: Palmas, João Pessoa, Goiânia, Vitória e Florianópolis. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se da Regressão Logística Binária para determinar os fatores associados. Identificou-se percepção negativa de saúde em 31,43% dos brasileiros. Os fatores que foram significativamente associados foram: má qualidade do ar, não possuir espaços públicos de lazer, faixa etária mais avançada, salário insuficiente para cobrir despesas, prática rara de exercícios físicos, não realizar alimentação saudável, deslocamento ativo para estudo ou emprego, tempo de deslocamento acima de 30 minutos, insatisfação com os serviços de saúde, não trabalhar e não estar procurando emprego e, por fim, residir nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. O estudo apresenta a importância de fatores socioambientais e comportamentais para a percepção da saúde de adultos brasileiros e mostra altos índices de percepção negativa de saúde em comparação com outros estudos.

Quality of life of high school adolescents according to parental level of education / Qualidade de vida de adolescentes do ensino médio de acordo com o grau de instrução dos pais

INTRODUCTION: During adolescence, period marked by the accelerated body development, several factors can influence the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between adolescents´ quality of life and their parents' level of education. METHOD: Seven hundred and seventy-three students, between the age of 14 and 19, from the city of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil, participated in the survey in a convenience sample by conglomerates. Sociodemographic data and parents' level of education were collected, in addition to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ assessment, version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). RESULTS: Children of mothers with college degree showed more positive quality of life in the Physical (p=0.010), School (p=0.014) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002) dimensions, compared to the children of mothers with elementary school. In the Social dimension, there was a difference between higher education and other levels of education. Children of fathers with college degree showed higher positive perception of quality of life in the Physical dimension (p=0.008), compared to other levels of education. In the School dimension, children had a higher perception (p=0.036) compared to the peers of parents with complete elementary school. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the level of education of parents in Physical (p=0.002 father; p=0.003 mother), School (p=0.004 father; p=0.028 mother) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002 father; p=0.002 mother) dimensions. Conclusion: This study revealed the relationship between a better quality of life for the adolescents studied with a higher level of education of their parents.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de medicina e a dificuldade de conciliação do internato com os estudos / Quality of life of medicine students and the difficulty of conciliation of clerkship and studies

INTRODUÇÃO: Os anos finais do curso de graduação em Medicina estão cercados pelo aumento gradual de responsabilidades acumuladas durante o curso, que por muitas vezes, podem sobrecarregar os estudantes modificando a qualidade de vida dos mesmos. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de qualidade de vida de formandos do curso de Medicina e a sua associação com a dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi formada por 302 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 25,4 anos, que frequentavam o internato obrigatório do curso de Medicina. Foram investigadas a qualidade de vida por meio do WHOQOL-bref, informações sociodemográficas e características do internato. RESULTADOS: Os scores da qualidade de vida geral (63,52) e domínios Psicológico (73,17) e Físico (73,19) foram os indicadores de qualidade de vida com percepção mais negativa por parte destes estudantes. Da amostra, 29,1% relataram percepção neutra ou negativa destas questões. Os domínios Físico (p=0,004), Psicológico (p=0,008) e Meio ambiente (p=0,026) apresentaram poder preditivo de 15,8% da qualidade de vida geral. Além disso, os estudantes que possuíam dificuldades em conciliar o internato com o estudo tiveram menor qualidade de vida geral (p=0,026) e física (p=0,010). CONCLUSÃO: Os piores indicadores de qualidade de vida foram os domínios Psicológico, Físico e a qualidade de vida geral. Uma parcela da amostra relatou percepção neutra ou negativa de sua qualidade de vida. Alunos com dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos apresentaram percepção mais negativa no domínio Físico e na qualidade de vida geral.

INTRODUCTION: The final years of the undergraduate medical course are surrounded by the gradual increase of responsibilities accumulated during the course, which can often overwhelm students by modifying their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of life profile of graduates of the medical course and their association with the difficulty in conciliate clerkship and studies. METHODS: The sample consisted of 302 students, with a mean age of 25.4 years. Were investigated the quality of life through the WHOQOL-bref, sociodemographic information and characteristics of clerkship. RESULTS: The general quality of life (63.52) and the domains Psychological (73.17) and Physical (73.19) were the indicators more negative perception by students. In the sample, 29.1% reported neutral or negative perception of quality of life. The physical (p=0.004), psychological (p=0.008) and environment (p=0.026) were predictive power of 15.8% of the overall quality of life. In addition, it was found that the students who had difficulties in conciliate the clerkship and the study had a lower general quality of life (p=0.026) and physical quality (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: The worst indicators of quality of life were the Psychological, Physical and general quality of life domains. A portion of the sample reported a neutral or negative perception of their quality of life. Students with difficulty to conciliate clerkship and studies show more negative perception in the physical domain and general quality of life.

Factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness among Brazilian adolescents.

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among adolescents. In all, 1.132 people participated. They were aged between 14 and 19 years, of both sexes and they came from a city in southern Brazil. Many socio-demographic variables were collected (sex, age group, socioeconomic status, period of study, year of school and work), also variables related to their health (level of physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, misuse of medicines, stress control, duration of sleep, sedentary behavior and self-rated health) and EDS, through the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The prevalence of EDS in general sample was 54.2% and average score in PDSS was 16.0 (5.7). Comparing results between both sexes, female sex presents the higher prevalence of EDS (64.3%) and greatest average PDSS score 17.5 (5.4) compared to male sex (35.7%) with 14.5 (5.6%) score (p < .001). In analysis of the prevalence ratio, using 15 as an EDS cut-off point, prevalence was 35% higher in the female sex (PR = 1.35 CI 95% 1.08-1.69, p = .010). In addition, adolescents which had lower self-rated health (PR = 1.24 CI 95% 1.01-1.52, p = .038), low stress control (PR = 1.28 CI 95% 1.05-1.57, p = .014) and short sleep duration (PR = 1.30 CI 95% 1.02-1.65, p = .029), presented higher prevalence of EDS. High prevalence of EDS was identified, being more common in young women. Adequate sleep, greater stress control and better health perception should be promoted among Brazilian adolescents.

Subjective sleep need and daytime sleepiness in adolescents / Necessidade subjetiva de sono e sonolência diurna em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. Methods: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). Conclusions: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da necessidade subjetiva de sono para a sonolência diurna em adolescentes e comparar questões sobre sono, idade e índice de massa corporal entre os adolescentes que consideram dormir o suficiente e os que julgam necessitar dormir mais. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, epidemiológico e transversal, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2016 em 773 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de Paranaguá, PR, Brasil. As variáveis de análise foram tempo de cama, meia fase do sono e necessidade de mais horas de sono, além do jetlag social, sonolência diurna, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de adolescentes com necessidade subjetiva de sono foi 73,0%, sugerindo precisar, em média, de 1,7 hora a mais de sono. Estes acordavam mais cedo (p<0,001) e dormiam menos nos dias de aula (p<0,001). A necessidade de dormir mais associou-se a maiores pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=0,480; p<0,001) e com meia fase do sono mais tardia (rho=0,200; p<0,001). Não foi identificada correlação entre necessidade de sono e tempo de cama (rho=-0,044; p=0,225). A necessidade subjetiva de sono foi a variável com maior poder explicativo da sonolência diurna (24,8%; p<0,001). Além disso, quanto menos os adolescentes praticavam atividade física, maiores as pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=-0,117; p<0,001). Conclusões: A percepção subjetiva de sono teve papel importante para explicar a sonolência diurna dos adolescentes. Os jovens que precisavam dormir mais relataram acordar mais cedo e apresentavam privação de sono durante os dias de aula, acordaram mais tarde no final de semana e apresentaram maior sonolência diurna, comparando-se aos que acreditavam dormir o suficiente.

SUBJECTIVE SLEEP NEED AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IN ADOLESCENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. METHODS: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.

Sleep disturbance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.

The aim of the present systematic review was to compare sleep disorders in children, from 7 to 12 years old, with and without an attention-deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Electronic literature search of PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in September 2017. We included cross-sectional observational studies comparing the sleep of children between 7 and 12 years old, with and without an ADHD diagnosis, reported according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The studies with other research designs, those that included adolescents and/or adults in the sample and those who evaluated the sleep of children with ADHD and other associated comorbidities were excluded. A total of 1911 articles were identified. After analyzing, 8 articles were compatible with the theme and included in the review. For sleep evaluation, most of the studies used an objective measure together with another subjective measure. Three out of six studies that used objective measures did not observe any differences between children with and without ADHD diagnosis. Children with ADHD presented more sleep disturbances when compared to children without the diagnosis. These disorders were diverse, yet inconsistent among the surveys. More studies are needed to clarify and for robust results.

Atividades motoras e qualidade de vida de adolescentes de Paranaguá, Paraná / Motor practices and quality of life of adolescents of Paranagua, Parana

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as relações entre o envolvimento em diferentes atividades motoras, de acordo com a frequência de prática, e a percepção da qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Partici-param do estudo 773 adolescentes das escolas estaduais de Paranaguá (Paraná), com idade de 14 a 19 anos. Por meio de um questionário autoaplicável, foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, a atividade motora (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents) e percepção da qualidade de vida (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™, versão 4.0). Adolescentes que praticavam futebol (p < 0,005), basquete (p < 0,005), lutas (p < 0,005), musculação (p < 0,001), tênis/tênis de mesa (p < 0,005), natação (p < 0,0005), voleibol (p < 0,005), ginástica na academia (p < 0,005) e andavam de bicicleta (p < 0,005) apresentaram percepção mais positiva de qualidade de vida em diferentes domínios. Os domínios da qualidade de vida com mais atividades motoras associadas foram "saúde e atividade" e "convívio com outras pessoas". Envolvimento em diversas atividades motoras associou-se a melhor percepção da qualidade de vida, diferindo-se conforme frequência. Adolescentes que praticavam uma ou duas vezes por semana o futebol, basquete, lutas, natação, corrida, tênis/tênis de mesa e mus-culação, também como, os que praticavam, de três ou mais vezes na semana, a caminhada, voleibol, fazer exercício em academias de ginástica, corrida e andavam de bicicleta apresentaram percepção mais positiva da qualidade de vida que os não praticantes

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between the involvement in different motor activities, according to the frequency of practice, and the perception of the quality of life of adolescents. A total of 773 adolescents from the state's schools of Paranagua (Paraná), aged 14 to 19, participated in the study. Using a self-administered questionnaire, was investigated sociodemographic information, motor activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and perception of quality of life (Pediatric instrument Quality of Life Inventory ™ version 4.0. Adolescents was practiced soccer (p < 0.005), basketball (p < 0.005), fights (p < 0.005), bodybuilding (p< 0.001), tennis / table tennis (p < 0.005), swimming (p < 0.005), volleyball (p < 0.005), exercise in gymnasiums (p < 0.005) and cycling (p < 0.005) had a more positive perception of quality of life in different domains. The domains of quality of life with more associated motor activities were "health and activity" and "living with other people". Involvement in several motor activities was associated with a better perception of quality of life, differing according to frequency. Teenagers who practiced once or twice a week soccer, basketball, fights, swimming, running, tennis / table tennis and bodybuilding, as well as, practicing, three or more times a week, walking, volleyball, gymnastics, running and cycling had a more positive perception of quality of life than non-practitioners

Padrões de sono e sonolência diurna: comparação entre adolescentes do interior e da região metropolitana / Patterns of sleep and daytime sleepiness: comparison between adolescents from the interior and metropolitan regions

Resumo Introdução O sono é um processo fisiológico cuja expressão nos seres humanos é influenciada por fatores sociais e ambientais. Objetivo Comparar as variáveis de sono e sonolência diurna de adolescentes de uma cidade do interior e de uma cidade metropolitana. Método Participaram do estudo 1.645 adolescentes provenientes de amostras representativas de duas cidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, uma do interior e outra metropolitana. Os adolescentes responderam a um questionário autoaplicável sobre questões sociodemográficas, horários de dormir e de acordar durante a semana e no final de semana, sonolência diurna e percepção de saúde. Resultados Observou-se que os adolescentes residentes na região metropolitana apresentaram horários de dormir (p < 0,001), horários de acordar (p < 0,001) e ponto médio de sono (p < 0,001) mais atrasados quando comparados aos adolescentes da cidade do interior. Já as médias de duração do sono identificadas não apresentaram diferenças (p = 0,645). Os adolescentes também tiveram índices de sonolência semelhantes (p = 0,082). Ainda, verificou-se associação da percepção de saúde negativa com altas pontuações da Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), independentemente da cidade dos adolescentes. Conclusões O estudo fornece indícios de que variáveis contextuais e geográficas possuem alguma influência na fase de sono dos adolescentes. Assim, torna-se fundamental o melhor entendimento a respeito das medidas compensatórias realizadas pelos adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction Sleep is a physiological process whose expression in humans is influenced by social and environmental factors. Objective Compare the variables sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from a municipality in the countryside and from a metropolitan city. Method Study participants were 1645 adolescents from representative samples of two cities of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: one from the interior of the state and another from a metropolitan area. Adolescents responded to a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic issues, sleeping and waking times on weekdays and weekends, daytime sleepiness, and health perception. Results Adolescents living in the metropolitan region presented delayed sleeping (p < 0.001), waking (p < 0.001), and mid-sleep ( p < 0.001) times compared with those of adolescents from the countryside. No statistically significant differences were observed between the means of sleep duration identified (p = 0.645). Adolescents also presented similar sleepiness indexes (p = 0.082). Association of negative health perception with high scores on the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) was observed regardless of the region in which adolescents live. Conclusions Results suggest that contextual and geographic variables influence the sleep phase of adolescents. Therefore, a better understanding of sleep compensatory measures in adolescents is fundamental.

Factor structure of the Brazilian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale.

The present study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) for the evaluation of the daytime sleepiness construct in adolescents through confirmatory factorial analysis. The cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 773 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, enrolled in the state schools of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. We investigated the sex, age, school year, study shift, occupational status, socioeconomic level and daytime sleepiness. The PDSS questions were not normal (p <0.001) and the mean total score was 14.87 (5.62). With Schwarz's BIC adjustment indicators = 142,389 and Akaike's AIC = 105,389, the model reached the criteria of the global adjustment indicators of the model in the confirmatory analysis, in which RMSEA = 0.020; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.977; SRMR = 0.021, with 17 degrees of freedom, KMO = 0.8504 and Cronbach's Alpha = 0.737, with three correlations. We conclude that the construct validity of the PDSS remains valid and confirms its factor structure with only one factor. Thereby, it was verified that the operationalization of the construct sleepiness of adolescents through this scale is adequately conceptualized to the behavior of the age group.

Health and leisure of workers of day and night shifts / Salud y ocio de los trabajadores de los turnos de día y noche

OBJECTIVE: To analyze differences in health, leisure and work accord ing to work shift in industry workers of Florianopolis, Brazil. METHOD: participants were 885 workers on fixed work shift (649 of the gen eral shift, 101 of the 1st shift, 84 of the 2nd shift and 51 of the 3rd shift). Health was investigated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Horne-Ostberg morningness and eve ningness questionnaire for physical activity, sleep quality and chro- notype, respectively. Leisure activities were investigated based on the Scale of practices in leisure (Escala de Práticas no Lazer - EPL). To calculate difference between means, the Kruskall-Wallis test (Dunn or Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc) and the chi-square test were used. In the correlation analysis among continuous variables, the Spearman test was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, BioEstat 5.0 and GPower 3.0 softwares. A 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: The average age of workers was 31.1 (8.5) years, and 58.0% were female. Significant differences among work shifts with respect to sleep quality (p<0.001) were identified, with prevalence of 35.6% of sleep disorders in the night shift. Among these, 16.7% showed morn ing characteristics and 68.6% reported absence from work for health reasons in the last year. The consumption of caffeinated beverages (33.3%) and cigarettes (21.6%) were also higher among night shift workers. Nevertheless, the time in vigorous physical activity was higher, averaging 75.5 minutes per week. Furthermore, night shift workers had lower income (p<0.001) and seek a second job for income complementation (p=0.002). Among issues related to leisure, differences in artistic (p=0.046), physical-sport (p=0.048) and touris tic content (p=0.004) were identified. CONCLUSION: substantial differ ences regarding labor, health and leisure issues were evidenced in different shifts, especially in the night shift. Although, theoretically, there is more time for leisure activities, night shift workers seek for a second job for income complementation. The excess of work associ ated with waking at night and risk behaviors result in damages to health and leisure.

OBJETIVO: analizar las diferencias en salud, ocio y trabajo según el turno de trabajo en trabajadores de la industria de Florianópolis, Brasil. MÉTODO: los participantes fueron 885 trabajadores en el turno de traba jo fijo (649 del turno general, 101 del primer turno, 84 del segundo turno y 51 del tercer turno). La salud se investigó utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física - Forma Corta (IPAQ-SF), el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y el cuestionario de mañana y noche de Horne-Ostberg para actividad física, calidad del sueño y cronotipo, respectivamente. Las actividades de ocio se investi garon en función de la Escala de prácticas en el ocio (Escala de Práticas no Lazer - EPL). Para calcular la diferencia entre medias, se utilizó la prueba de Kruskall-Wallis (Dunn o Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc) y la prueba de chi-cuadrado. En el análisis de correlación entre variables continuas, se utilizó la prueba de Spearman. Los datos se analizaron utilizando los softwares SPSS 20.0, BioEstat 5.0 y GPower 3.0. Se adop tó un nivel de significancia del 5%. RESULTADOS: la edad promedio de los trabajadores fue de 31,1 (8,5) años, y el 58,0% fueron mujeres. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los turnos de trabajo con respecto a la calidad del sueño (p <0,001), con una prevalencia del 35,6% de los trastornos del sueño en el turno de la noche. Entre estos, el 16,7% mostró características matinal y el 68,6% informó ausencia del trabajo por razones de salud en el último año. El consumo de bebidas con cafeína (33,3%) y cigarrillos (21,6%) también fue mayor entre los trabajadores del turno nocturno. Sin embargo, el tiempo en la actividad física vigorosa fue mayor, con un promedio de 75,5 minutos por semana. Además, los trabajadores del turno de noche tenían ingresos más bajos (p <0,001) y buscaban un segundo trabajo para complementarlos (p = 0,002). Entre los temas relacionados con el ocio, se identificaron diferencias en el contenido artístico (p = 0,046), físico-deportivo (p = 0,048) y turístico (p = 0,004). CONCLUSIÓN: las diferencias sustanciales en cuanto a trabajo, salud y ocio se evidenciaron en diferentes turnos, especialmente en el turno de noche. Aunque, teóricamente, hay más tiempo para las actividades de ocio, los trabajadores del turno de noche buscan un segundo empleo para la complementación de ingresos. El exceso de trabajo asociado al despertarse por la noche y los comporta mientos de riesgo resultan en daños a la salud y al ocio.

Análise da sonolência diurna em adolescentes por meio da pediatric daytime sleepiness scale: revisão sistemática / Analysis of daytime sleepiniess in adolescents by the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar de modo sistemático a utilização da Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) na análise da sonolência diurna em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e SciELO, no período delimitado entre 2003 e 2015. Como critério de inclusão, foram considerados estudos em inglês, espanhol e português; artigos originais de qualquer tipo de escopo, com amostra de crianças e/ou adolescentes e que utilizaram a PDSS. Foram excluídos artigos duplicados, sem relação com o tema, com outra população investigada, bem como aqueles em que os pais responderam o instrumento pelos seus filhos. Para encontrar o material dentro desses critérios, foram utilizados nas buscas os seguintes termos: "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" e "Day time sleepiness" AND "children". Além disso, utilizou-se o descritor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" para fazer uma filtragem mais específica. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente, identificaram-se 986 pesquisas relacionadas à sonolência diurna. Considerando os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados 26 estudos compostos por 18.458 sujeitos com idades de 0 a 37 anos que responderam à PDSS. A pontuação da escala da sonolência diurna variou de 6,7±0,6 a 25,7±4. Em geral, todos os estudos incluídos investigaram, além da sonolência diurna, outras variáveis do sono, como: duração, qualidade, higiene ou distúrbios do sono (narcolepsia e cataplexia), patologias respiratórias, neurológicas e do desenvolvimento. Conclusões: Verificou-se moderada utilização da PDSS para avaliar a sonolência diurna. Esse instrumento permite o acompanhamento de fatores que influenciam a sonolência diurna excessiva em crianças e adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the use of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) in the analysis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents. Data source: The electronic databases PubMed and SciELO were consulted between 2003 and 2015. As inclusion criterion, studies were considered in English, Spanish and Portuguese, original articles of any type of design, articles with a sample of children and/or adolescents, articles that used the PDSS. Duplicate articles, articles with no relation to the theme, articles with another investigated population, and articles that the parents answered the instrument for their children were excluded. To find the material with these features, the terms "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" and "Daytime sleepiness" AND "children" were used in the searches. In addition, the descriptor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" was used to filter more specifically. Data synthesis: Initially, 986 studies related to daytime sleepiness were identified. Considering the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 26 studies composed of 18,458 subjects aged 0 to 37 years. The diurnal sleepiness score ranged from 6.7±0.6 to 25.7±0.6 points. In general, all included studies investigated other sleep variables in addition to daytime sleepiness, such as: sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep hygiene or sleep disorders (narcolepsy and cataplexy), respiratory disorders, neurological and developmental disorders. Conclusions: There was a moderate use of PDSS to evaluate daytime sleepiness. This instrument allows the monitoring of factors that influence excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents.

Absenteísmo na indústria está associado com o trabalho em turnos e com problemas no sono / Absence in industry is associated with shift work and with problems in sleep

INTRODUÇÃO: Cada vez mais as indústrias mantêm seu volume de produção durante as 24h horas do dia. Esta reorganização temporal traz repercussões importantes para a saúde do trabalhador. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados ao absenteísmo em trabalhadores de diferentes turnos de uma indústria de grande porte do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 885 profissio nais com média de idade de 31,1(8,5) anos de uma indústria do setor de telecomunicação. A variável dependente foi avaliada por meio de faltas ao trabalho nos últimos 12 meses por motivos de saúde. RESULTADOS: A frequência de absenteísmo foi de 16,6%. Os fatores associados ao desfecho foram a idade avançada (OR=2,16; IC95%= 1,27-3,67), o trabalho em turnos extremos, primeiro turno (OR=1,91; IC95%= 1,08-3,36) e terceiro turno (OR=2,06; IC95%= 1,01-4,25), percepção elevada de estresse (OR=1,74; IC95%= 1,07 - 2,82) e os distúrbios do sono (OR=2,03; IC95%= 1,07-3,76). Não foram identi ficadas associações entre absenteísmo e fatores de estilo de vida como prática de atividade física e consumo de álcool e tabaco. CONCLUSÃO: Trabalhadores com distúrbios de sono e que exercem suas funções em turnos extremos (manhã ou noite) possuíram mais chan ce de faltar ao trabalho por questões de saúde.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Increasingly the industry maintains its production vol ume during the 24 hours of the day. This time reorganization has important implications for workers' health The aim of this study was to analyze factors associated with absenteeism among workers in dif ferent shifts of a large industry in southern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 885 professionals with an average age of 31.1 (8.5) years of the telecommunication sector industry. The dependent vari able was assessed by absence from work in the last 12 months for health reasons. RESULTS: The absenteeism rate was 16.6%. Factors associated with outcome were advanced age (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.67), work in extreme shifts, first round (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.08 3.36) and third round (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.25), high perceived stress (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.82) and sleep disorders (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.76). No associations were found between absenteeism and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. CONCLUSION: Workers with sleep disorders and perform their duties in extreme shifts (morning or night) possessed more likely to miss work for health reasons.

Fatores associados à baixa duração do sono em universitários ingressantes / Factors associated with low sleep duration in freshmen students

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a baixa duração do sono em universitários ingressantes e possíveis associações com fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde. Participaram do estudo 239 universitários ingressantes, com média de idade de 20,9(±5,2) anos. Foram coletadas e analisadas informações sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e nível econômico), relacionadas ao sono e à saúde como atividade física e comportamento sedentário. Os resultados apontaram que a média da duração do sono nos dias com aula foi de 7,9(3,1) horas; 34,5% dos universitários reportaram percepção de qualidade do sono ruim e a sonolência diurna excessiva foi verificada em 53,0% da amostra. Foi identificada correlação negativa entre duração de sono e comportamento sedentário nas moças (r = -0,269; p = 0,003). Acadêmicos do turno matutino apresentaram menor duração do sono que os demais (p < 0,001). Na análise dos fatores associados à baixa duração do sono, os acadêmicos do turno matutino (RP = 2,3; IC95%= 1,3-4,0) e noturno (RP = 2,2; IC95%= 1,2-4,1) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter baixa duração do sono em relação aos estudantes do turno vespertino. Os estudantes com qualidade do sono ruim (RP = 2,1; IC95%= 1,2-3,6) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter baixa duração do sono em relação aos estudantes com boa qualidade de sono. Em conclusão, foram identificadas altas prevalências de baixa duração de sono, qualidade do sono ruim e sonolência diurna excessiva nos universitários. Menor duração de sono esteve correlacionada ao maior tempo de comportamento sedentário para as moças. Além disso, o turno de estudo matutino e noturno foram os principais fatores associados à baixa duração do sono nos universitários.(AU)

This study aimed to analyze the low sleep duration in freshmen students and possible associations with sociodemographic and health factors. The study included 239 students with a mean age of 20.9 (5.2) years. Were collected and analyzed sociodemographic information and related to sleep and health, as physical activity and sedentary behavior. Results indicated that the average sleep duration in days with class was 7.9 (3.1) hours; 34.5% of the students reported low quality of sleep perception and excessive daytime sleepiness was identified in 53.0% of the sample. Negative correlation was found between duration of sleep and sedentary behavior for female students (r = -0.160 p = 0.018). Students of the morning shift had lower sleep duration than the others (p < 0.001). In the analysis of factors associated with low sleep duration students of the morning (PR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4 to 11.1) and night shift (PR = 2.2; CI: 1.2 to 4.1) showed more probability to have low sleep duration than the students of evening shift. Students with low sleep quality (PR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4 to 11) showed more probability to have low sleep duration in relation to students with good sleep quality. Thus, we identified high prevalence of low sleep duration, low sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in university students. Lower sleep duration was associated with increased sedentary behavior time for female students. In addition, morning and night shifts were the main factors associated with low sleep duration among college students.(AU)